ABSTRACT
Background@#Shoulder surgery in the beach chair position frequently causes hypotensive bradycardic events (HBEs), which are potentially associated with an increased risk of cerebral hypoperfusion. Here, we aimed to investigate the incidence and characteristics of symptomatic HBEs that require pharmacological interventions, and to identify specific risk factors associated with symptomatic HBEs. @*Methods@#We retrospectively examined the records of all patients aged ≥ 18 years who underwent shoulder arthrotomy in the beach chair position between January 2011 and December 2018 at Samsung Medical Center. For patients who experienced HBEs while in the beach chair position, the minimum heart rate and systolic blood pressure were noted, as was the total dose of ephedrine or atropine. @*Results@#Symptomatic HBEs occurred in 61.0% of all cases (256/420). Two patients with symptomatic HBEs experienced postoperative neurological complications. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) and advanced age were risk factors associated with symptomatic HBEs (odds ratio [OR]: 3.240, 95% CI: 2.003, 5.242, P < 0.001; OR: 1.060 for each 1-year increase, 95% CI: 1.044, 1.076, P < 0.001, respectively). Receiver operating curve analysis revealed that a threshold of 62 years of age had a moderate degree of accuracy for predicting symptomatic HBEs (area under curve: 0.764, 95% CI: 0.720, 0.804, P < 0.001). @*Conclusions@#Considering the increasing risk of neurocognitive complications with aging, proactive hemodynamic management is needed, especially for elderly patients undergoing shoulder surgery in the beach chair position using ISB.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Postoperative delirium is a frequent complication in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery and is associated with a poor outcome. We compared postoperative delirium in elderly patients following laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) versus open gastrectomy (OG). METHODS: In total, 130 patients aged > or = 65 years with gastric cancer undergoing LG and OG were enrolled prospectively. Postoperative delirium and cognitive status were assessed daily using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) and Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), respectively, for 3 days postoperatively. For CAM-positive patients, delirium severity was then assessed using the Delirium Index (DI). RESULTS: In total, 123 subjects (LG, n = 60; OG, n = 63) were included in the analysis. In both groups, the overall incidences of postoperative delirium were similar: 31.6% (19/60) in the LG group and 41.2% (26/63) in the OG group. When considering only those with delirium, the severity, expressed as the highest DI score, was similar between the groups. A decline in cognitive function (reduction in MMSE > or = 2 points from baseline) during 3 days postoperatively was observed in 23 patients in the LG group (38.3%) and 27 patients in the OG group (42.9%) (P = 0.744). In both groups, postoperative cognitive decline was significantly associated with postoperative delirium (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We found that, compared with traditional open gastrectomy, laparoscopic gastrectomy did not reduce either postoperative delirium or cognitive decline in elderly patients with gastric cancer.